Javier Mendoza  /  The Animals  /  Land
Hunters · Land

Spotted Hyena

Crocuta crocuta

The reputation is wrong. Spotted hyenas kill most of what they eat, live in clans run by females, and are among the smartest carnivores in Africa.

A spotted hyena lying in a mud wallow, meeting the camera's eye.
Spotted Hyena · Serengeti · © Javier MendozaOrder this print
Most
Of a clan's food is hunted, not scavenged, in the Serengeti
Kruuk, The Spotted Hyena (1972)
Up to ~80
Clan size, led by a dominant female
National Geographic
Bone
Jaws strong enough to crack and digest bone
Smithsonian's National Zoo
Least Concern
IUCN Red List; the most numerous large carnivore in Africa
IUCN

The clan

Spotted hyenas live in clans that can number dozens of animals, organised in a strict rank where every adult female outranks every male. Cubs inherit their mother's rank. The famous whoop carries for miles and keeps the clan in touch across the plains; the giggle is a sign of nerves, not amusement.

Hans Kruuk's Serengeti study in the 1960s overturned the scavenger myth: clans run down wildebeest and zebra themselves and are more often robbed by lions than the other way round.

In the collection

1 frame · prints from 12″ to 40″+
A spotted hyena lying in a mud wallow, meeting the camera's eye.
Spotted HyenaSerengeti

Cooling off in a mud wallow, a hyena holds the camera's eye — far more curious than fearsome.

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Questions people ask

Do hyenas only scavenge?

No. Spotted hyenas are skilled pack hunters and kill most of their own food, mainly wildebeest, zebra and gazelle. They scavenge when they can, like lions do.

Are hyenas dogs or cats?

Neither. Hyenas are their own family, Hyaenidae, which sits closer to cats and mongooses than to dogs.

Why do hyenas laugh?

The giggle is a social signal, usually made by a hyena that is excited or being harassed over food, not an expression of amusement.

Sources
  1. IUCN Red List, Crocuta crocuta
  2. Kruuk, H. (1972) The Spotted Hyena, University of Chicago Press
  3. Smithsonian's National Zoo: Spotted hyena fact sheet
  4. National Geographic: Spotted hyena
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